The Indian Navy: Charting a Bold Path Towards Maritime Dominance by 2035

The Indian Navy is embarking on an ambitious journey to expand its fleet to over 200 ships by 2035. Recent developments reveal that the Navy is not just setting targets; it is actively commissioning advanced vessels, which signifies a resolute commitment to strengthening maritime capabilities. As of now, the force operates approximately 150 ships and submarines, with around 135 classified as frontline combatants. Notably, close to 50 additional ships are currently under construction in Indian shipyards.

Recent Commissions: Strengthening Strategic Capabilities

On July 22, 2025, the Indian Navy commissioned INS Malvan, the second of the Mahe-class Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) at Karwar, Karnataka. This 78-meter craft displaces about 1,100 tonnes and is propelled by three diesel engines driving waterjets, achieving a maximum speed of 25 knots. Built by Cochin Shipyard Limited with over 80% indigenous content, Malvan boasts advanced capabilities for underwater surveillance, low-intensity maritime operations, and mine laying.

This vessel is part of a larger program that includes a total of 16 ASW-SWCs, with the second batch split between Cochin Shipyard and Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, under a massive ₹13,000 crore investment initiated in 2019.

Just eleven days prior, at Visakhapatnam, INS Mahendragiri, the sixth Nilgiri-class stealth frigate under Project 17A, was commissioned. Designed by the Navy’s Warship Design Bureau and constructed by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited, this vessel incorporates over 75% indigenous content. The seventh and final ship of this class, Vindhyagiri, is anticipated to be delivered soon, with additional next-generation frigates already lined up under Project 17B.

A Strong Build Rate

The Chief of Naval Staff has reported that India is currently witnessing a new warship or submarine entering service approximately every 40 days. This rapid pace follows a productive 2025, during which 12 warships and one submarine were commissioned. Importantly, as the Navy expands, a pipeline has been approved by the Defence Acquisition Council for an additional 74 warships, representing a financial commitment of ₹2.35 lakh crore. This includes 65 surface vessels and 9 submarines, complemented by the long-awaited Project 75(I) for six advanced air-independent propulsion submarines.

Strategic Context: Navigating a Changing Maritime Landscape

The push for a strengthened naval fleet is underscored by an increasingly competitive regional landscape. According to the Pentagon’s annual report on Chinese military capabilities, the People’s Liberation Army Navy has grown to over 370 ships and submarines, making it the largest fleet globally. Notably, China has expanded its influence across the Indian Ocean, establishing port accesses, conducting surveys, and deploying submarines.

Adding to the regional tensions, Pakistan recently commissioned the PNS/M Hangor, the first of eight Hangor-class attack submarines built in collaboration with China. Four of these submarines are being developed within Pakistan, a move facilitated by a technology transfer agreement that heightens the stakes for India.

To counteract these challenges, shallow-water vessels like INS Malvan are crucial. They serve as the Navy’s defensive line, providing surveillance and security in coastal waters where larger deep-water frigates may not be as effective against covert threats lurking beneath the surface.

Gaps in the Submarine Fleet: A Call for Urgent Action

While the surface fleet expands rapidly, India’s conventional submarine capabilities present a stark gap in the overall maritime picture. Currently, only six Scorpène-class submarines have been delivered, far short of the initial target of 24 new conventional submarines by 2030. The last foreign-origin warship, INS Tamal, was handed over in July 2025, marking a definitive shift towards exclusively building vessels in Indian yards to meet the ambitious 200-ship goal.

Future Pathways: Homegrown Innovation and Development

The commitment to indigenous production and development is crucial as India aims to fortify its maritime capabilities. Emphasizing self-reliance, every new hull counted towards the 200-ship target is expected to be manufactured in Indian shipyards, resonating with the broader “Make in India” initiative.

As the Indian Navy forges ahead, its growth trajectory is keenly observed not only by regional neighbors but by global powers as well. By investing in technological advancements and expanding its fleet, India intends to establish itself as a formidable player in the maritime domain, strengthening its role in regional security and international maritime cooperation.